ABSTRACT
Aims: The present study was undertaken to examine the effect of patient education and counseling by pharmacist on quality of life and medication adherence on patients living with HIV/AIDS in rural settings. Study Design: It is a single group (without control group) pre- post interventional pilot trial Place and Duration of Study: Convenient samples of 54 patients of either sex, with ART medications for a minimum of 3 months and between the age group of 18 – 65 were included in the study. It was conducted by visiting the patients directly at their homes in rural setup for the period of six months. Methodology: The recruited patients were educated and counseled individually by a trained pharmacist through previously prepared and validated Telugu version of patient information leaflet with pictograms and cartoons suitable for both illiterate and literate patients developed by pharmacist. Patient’s quality of life, level of knowledge and adherence to the medications were considered as outcome measures, After providing educational intervention and counseling, patients were followed after the minimum interval of 90 days and then the outcome parameters were evaluated. Paired‘t’ test was used to generate the results. Results: Our study results have show that there was an significant improvement of knowledge about disease and medications. We also observed a significant improvement in Quality of life. The total mean score of quality of life at baseline was 53.28 ± 16.85 and during the follow up Visit it was 64.75± 8.84 and there was significant difference between the pre counseling data and post counseling data. Patient medication adherence was maintained at the same level of 80.09 %, 81.01% before and after providing patient education and counseling respectively Conclusion: Patient education and counseling is an important aspect to improve quality of life of patients living with HIV/AIDS in a resource limited settings.
Subject(s)
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/drug therapy , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Counseling , HIV Infections/epidemiology , HIV Infections/therapy , Humans , Medication Adherence , Middle Aged , Observational Studies as Topic , Quality of Life/psychology , Patient Education as Topic , Pharmacists , Pilot Projects , Treatment Outcome , Young AdultABSTRACT
Two simple, rapid, sensitive, precise and economic spectrophotometric methods have been developed for the estimation of Erlotinib in bulk and tablet formulation. During the course of study, it was observed that solution of the drug formed colored ion-pair complexes with Bromocresol Green (BCG) and Methyl Orange (MO) in phosphate buffer pH 2.5, and extracted in chloroform. This property of the drug was followed for the development of colorimetric methods for analysis of drug. The complex of etoricoxib with BCG and MO showed λ max at 418.5 nm and 424.4 nm respectively. The complex was stable up to 22 hrs and obeyed Beer's law over the concentration ranges of 10-1000 μg/ml. Correlation coefficient was found to be 0.9985. In addition we have determined the molar absorptivity, Sandell sensitivity and the optimum conditions for quantitative analysis of erlotinib. These methods were validated statistically. Recovery studies gave satisfactory results indicating that none of common additives and excipients interfere the assay method. The proposed methods are found to be simple, accurate and reproducible that was successfully applied for the analysis of tablet formulation.
ABSTRACT
Thorium (IV) forms a yellow Coloured water soluble complex with Diacetyl Monoxime Isonicotinoyl hydrazone (DMIH) reagent in acidic buffer of PH 5.0 with λ max at 352 nm. The molar absorptivity and sandell’s sensitivity are 2.265 X 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 and 0.0022μg /cm2 respectively. The Beer’s law validity range 1.16–13.92 μg / mL. Thorium (IV) forms (M: L) 1:1 complex with DMIH and stability constant of the complex is 7.0265 X 10 6.The derivative spectrophotometric determination of Th (IV)) was carried out by measuring peak height method. The developed derivative spectrophotometric method was employed for the determination of Thorium (IV) in synthetic samples of alloy. The effect of various diverse ions was also studied.
ABSTRACT
A simple and sensitive spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of Gold (III) using 3,5-Dimethoxy-4-hydroxy benzaldehyde benzoylhydrazone (DMBBH) in a neutral surfactant of Triton X-100(5%) (micellar medium). Gold (III) forms an wine red coloured water soluble complex with the reagent in acidic medium pH 5.0. The molar absorptivity and Sandell’s sensitivity of coloured species are 2.32 x 104 L.mol-1 cm-1 and 0.00862 mg/cm2 respectively. Beer’s law is obeyed in the range 0.4925-5.91 mg/ml of Au(III) at lmax at 380 nm. The developed derivative spectrophotometric method was employed for the determination of gold (III). This method has been satisfactorily applied for the determination of gold (III) in water samples and pharmaceutical samples.
ABSTRACT
A simple and derivative spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of mercury (II) using Diacetylmonoxime benzoylhydrazone (DMBH). Mercury (II) forms an orange coloured water soluble complex with the reagent in basic medium (pH 10.5).The molar absorptivity and Sandell’s sensitivity of coloured species are 2.01 x 104 L.mol-1 cm-1 and 0.0099 mg/cm2 respectively. Beer’s law is obeyed in the range 1.0029 – 12.0354 mg/ml of Hg (II) at lmax 361 nm. The developed derivative spectrophotometric method was employed for the determination of mercury (II). This method has been satisfactorily applied for the determination of mercury (II) in different environmental water samples and biological samples.
ABSTRACT
Epoxides undergo rapidly ring-opening reaction with various amine nucleophiles in the presence of Europium triflate. The catalyst was very active and used in 10% mole only. All the reactions were carried out at room temperature in methylene dichloride to afford the corresponding b-amino alcohols in very good yields.
ABSTRACT
A rapid, simple, sensitive and selective spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of Palladium (II) using newly synthesized reagent 4-Hdroxy3,5dimethoxybenzaldehyde-4- hydroxybenzoylhydrazone (HDMBHBH) in neutral surfactant of TritonX-100-5% (micellar medium). Palladium (II) forms a brown coluored water-soluble complex with 4-Hdroxy 3, 5dimethoxybenzaldehyde-4- hydroxybenzoylhydrazone in the pH range 1.0-6.0. The complex shows maximum absorbance at lmax 373 nm and in the pH range 3.0-4.0. However, at this wavelength, the reagent shows considerable absorbance. At lmax 373 nm, the complex shows maximum absorbance while the reagent blank shows negligible absorbance. Hence, analytical studies are carried out at lmax 373 nm and at pH 3.0 (Phosphate buffer) against reagent blank. Beer's law is obeyed in the range 0.106-1.064 μg ml-1 and the optimum concentration range from ringbom plot is 0.212-0.957 mg/ml of Palladium (II). The molar absorptivity and Sandell's sensitivity for the coloured solution are found to be 7.5 x 104L mol-1 cm-1 and 0.0015-μg. cm-2 respectively. The interference effect of various diverse ions has been studied. The complex shows 1:1 [Pd (II): HDMBHBH] stoichiometry with stability constant 7.29 x 106. The standard deviation of the method in the determination of 0.638 - μg ml-1 of Palladium (II) is 0.003 and the Relative standard deviation is 0.71%. First and second order derivative spectroscopic method is developed at lmax 422 nm and lmax 444 nm respectively for the determination of Palladium (II), which is more sensitive than the zero order method. The developed method has been employed for the determination of Palladium (II) in hydrogenation catalyst samples and in synthetic alloy samples. The results are in good agreement with the certified values.